A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning,^{[citation needed]} or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it.^{[citation needed]} Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation. A figure of speech is sometimes called a rhetoric or a locution.

Not all theories of meaning have a concept of "literal language" (see literal and figurative language). Under theories that do not, figure of speech is not an entirely coherent concept.

Rhetoric originated as the study of the ways in which a source text can be transformed to suit the goals of the person reusing the material. For this goal, classical rhetoric detected four fundamental operations^[1] that can be used to transform a sentence or a larger portion of a text. They are:

The four fundamental operations, or categories of change, governing the formation of all figures of speech are:^[1]

• expansion/superabundance/addition (adiectio)
• abridgement/lack/omission/subtraction (detractio)
• switching/interchange/substitution/transmutation (immutatio)
• transferring/transposition (transmutatio)

These four operations were detected by classical rhetoric, and still serve to encompass the various figures of speech. Originally these were called, in Latin, the four operations of quadripartita ratio. The ancient surviving text mentioning them, although not recognizing them as the four fundating principles, is the Rhetorica ad Herennium, of author unknown, where they are called ἔνδεια, πλεονασμός, μετάθεσις and ἐναλλαγή.^[2] Quintillian then mentioned them in Institutio Oratoria.^[3] Philo of Alexandria also listed them as addition (πρόσθεσις), subtraction (ἀφαίρεσις), transposition (μετάθεσις), and transmutation (ἀλλοίωσις).^[4]

The saying "I got your back" almost never has the literal meaning of receipt or possession of another's spine. It is a figure of speech that means the speaker intends to protect the listener, actually or symbolically. It originates from war, in which one soldier informs another that the first will train his weapon toward an area from which an enemy might shoot the second in the back.

Here are other examples of figures of speech:

• "It's raining cats and dogs" means it's raining intensely.
• "I'll give you a piece of my mind" means the speaker will state a frank opinion.
• "Break a leg" is a saying from theater meaning "Good luck."
• "Butterflies in your stomach" figuratively describes nervousness.

In each of these examples of figures of speech, there is a literal meaning of the words, which a listener would normally reject as absurd or inappropriate. The listener would select the figurative meaning of the utterance, assisted by the context.

Absence of the proper context may defeat the figurative meaning. If someone not in a theater troupe tells someone else to break a leg, the listener must decide whether the speaker intends to adapt the figure of speech from theater to the present context; if not, the literal meaning would be provocative. If there is no cause for nervousness, complaining about butterflies in one's stomach might make a listener consider briefly whether to interpret the words literally.

Cadence and grammar is sometimes non-standard when uttering a figure of speech. Some figures of speech, such as "cats and dogs" in the above example, are uttered breezily as though they were a single word. If animals were literally falling from the sky, each noun would receive greater emphasis. In the first example in this section, the use of "got" instead of the more standard "have" or "have got" is a clue that the utterance is a figure of speech.

Figures by Type with Link	Definition
Tropes	figures which change the typical meaning of a word or words
Metaplasmic Figures	figures which move the letters or syllables of a word from their typical places
Figures of Omission	figures which omit something--eg. a word, words, phrases, or clauses--from a sentence
Figures of Repetition (words)	figures which repeat one or more words
Figures of Repetition (clauses and ideas)	figures which repeat a phrase, a clause or an idea
Figures of Unusual Word Order	figures which alter the ordinary order of words or sentences
Figures of Thought	a miscellaneous group of figures which deal with emotional appeals and techniques of argument

Tropes	Definition	Example
metaphor	the substitution of a word for a word whose meaning is close to the original word	Poor broken glass, I often did behold/ In thy sweet semblance my old age new born...---The Rape of Lucrece,1758-59
metonymy	a noun is substituted for a noun in such a way that we substitute the cause of the thing of which we are speaking for the thing itself; this might be done in several ways: substituting the inventor for his invention, the container for the thing contained or vice versa, an author for his work, the sign for the thing signified, the cause for the effect or vice versa	I must comfort the weaker vessel, as doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat.---As You Like It, 2.4.6
synecdoche	substitution of part for whole, genus for species, or vice versa	Was this the face that launched a thousand ships,/ And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?---Dr. Faustus, 12.80-81
irony	expressing a meaning directly contrary to that suggested by the words	He was no notorious malefactor, but he had been twice on the pillory, and once burnt in the hand for trifling oversights.---Direccions for Speech and Style
metalepsis	a double metonymy in which an effect is represented by a remote cause	Woe worth the mountain that the mast bear/ Which was the first causer of all my care (Medea cursing Jason).---The Arte of English Poesie, 183
paradox	a seemingly self contradictory statement, which yet is shown to be true	For what the waves could never wash away/ This proper youth has wasted in a day.---The Arte of English Poesie, 226
oxymoron	a condensed paradox at the level of a phrase	O modest wantons! wanton modesty!---The Rape of Lucrece, 401
anthimeria	the substitution of one part of speech for another; for instance, an adverb for a noun or a noun for an adverb	Lord Angelo dukes it well.---Measure for Measure, 3.2.100
litotes	deliberate understatement or denial of the contrary	He is no fool.---The Arte of English Poesie, 184
hyperbole	exaggerated or extravagant statement used to make a strong impression, but not intended to be taken literally	His legs bestrid the ocean, his rear'd arm/ Crested the world, his voice was propertied/ As all the tuned spheres...---Antony and Cleopatra, 5.2.82

Metaplasmic Figures	Definition	Example
prosthesis	addition of letters to the beginning of a word	I all alone beweep my outcast state.---Shakespeare Sonnets, 29
aphaersis	omission of letters from the beginning of a word	Use every man after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping?---Hamlet, 2.2.561
epenthesis	addition of letters to the middle of a word	Lie blist'ring fore the visitating sun.---Two Noble Kinsmen, 1.1.146
syncope	omission of letters from the middle of a word	Thou thy worldly task hast done,/ Home art gone, and ta'en thy wages. Cymberline, 4.2.258
paragoge	addition of letters to the end of a word	I can call spirits from the vasty deep.---Henry IV, Part I, 3.1.52
apocope	omission of letters from the end of a word	I am Sir Oracle,/ And when I ope my lips let no dog bark!---The Merchant of Venice, 1.1.93
antisthecon	substitution of a letter or sound for another within a word	Or, ere they meet, in me, O nature, cesse!---All's Well That Ends Well, 5.3.75
metathesis	transposition of a letter out of its normal order in a word	With liver burning hot. Frevent.---The Merry Wives of Windsor, 2.1.122

Figures of Omission	Definition	Example
ellipsis	omission of a word	And he to England shall along with you.---Hamlet, 3.3.1
zeugma	an ellipsis of a verb, in which one verb is used to govern several clauses	How Tarquin wronged me, I Collatine.---The Rape of Lucrece, 819
scesis onamaton	omission of the verb of a sentence	A maid in conversation chaste, in speech mild, in countenance cheerful, in behavior modest ...[etc.]---The Garden of Eloquence
anapodoton	omission of a clause	Haply you shall not see me more; or if,/ A mangled Shadow.---Antony and Cleopatra, 4.2.26.
aposiopesis	stopping a sentence in midcourse so that the statement is unfinished	He said you were, I dare not tell you plaine:/ For words once out, never returne againe.---The Arte of English Poesie, 139
occupatio	When the orator feigneth and maketh as though he would say nothing in some matter, when, notwithstanding he speaketh most of all, or when he saith something: in saying he will not say it.---The Garden of Eloquence, 130	I will make no mention of his drunken banquets nightly, and his watching with bawds, dicers, whore masters. I will not name his losses, his luxurity, and staining of his honesty.---The Garden of Eloquence, 131

Figures of Repetition (words)	Definition	Example
epizeuxis	emphatic repetition of a word with no other words between	Reputation, reputation, reputation! O! I have lost my reputation.---Othello, 2.3.264
polyptoton	repetition of the same word or root in different grammatical functions or forms	Disturb his hours of rest with restless trances,/ Afflict him in his bed with bedrid groans;/ Let there bechance him pitiful mischances,/ To make him moan but pity not his moans.---The Rape of Lucrece, 974-977
antanaclasis	repetition of a word, but in two different meanings	Whoever hath her wish, thou has thy Will,/ And Will to boot, and Will in overplus---Shakespeare Sonnets, 135
anaphora	repetition of a word at the beginning of a clause, line, or sentence	Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!---King John, 2.1.561
epistrophe	repetition of a word at the end of a clause, line, or sentence	I'll have my bond!/ Speak not against my bond!/ I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond.---The Merchant of Venice, 3.3.4
symploce	repetition of both beginnings and endings	Most true that I must fair Fidessa love,/ Most true that fair Fidessa cannot love./ Most true that I do feel the pains of love,/ Most true that I am captive unto love.---Fidessa, 62
epanalepsis	repetition of the beginning at the end	Blood hath bought blood, and blows have answer'd blows:/ Strength match'd with strength, and power confronted power.---King John, 2.1.329-30
anadiplosis	repetition of the end of a line or clause at the next beginning	For I have loved long, I crave reward/ Reward me not unkindly: think on kindness,/ Kindness becommeth those of high regard/ Regard with clemency a poor man's blindness---Fidessa, 16
gradatio	repeating anadiplosis	My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,/ And every tongue brings in a several tale,/ And every talecondemns me for a villain.---Richard III, 5.3.194
congeries	a heaping together and piling up of many words that have a similar meaning	But now I am cabin'd, cribb'd, confin'd, bound in/ To saucy doubts and fears.---Macbeth, 3.4.24
antimetabole	repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order; a chiasmus on the level of words (AB; BA)	Thy sea within a puddle's womb is hearsed,/ and not the puddle in thy sea dispersed.---The Rape of Lucrece, 657-658
pleonasm	the needless repetition of words; a tautology on the level of a phrase	Sober he seemde, and very sagely sad,/ And to the ground his eyes were lowly bent,/ Simple in shew, and voyde of malice bad...---The Faerie Queene, Book 1, 1.29

Figures of Repetition (clauses and ideas)	Definition	Example
auxesis	arrangement of clauses or sentences in ascending order of importance	I may, I must, I can, I will, I do/ Leave following that which it is gain to miss.---Astrophil and Stella, 47
isocolon	repetition of phrases or clauses of equal length and corresponding grammatical structure	I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to my horse.---Charles V
tautology	needless repetition of the same idea in different words; pleonasm on the level of a sentence or sentences	If you have a friend, keep your friend, for an old friend is to be preferred before a new friend, this I say to you as your friend.---The Garden of Eloquence, 49
chiasmus	reversal of grammatical structures or ideas in sucessive phrases or clauses, which do not necessarily involve a repetition of words	But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er/ Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly loves.---Othello, 3.3.169
antithesis	repetition of clauses or idea by negation	A bliss in proof; and prov'd, a very woe;/ Before, a joy propos'd; behind a dream.---Shakespeare Sonnets, 129
periphrasis	the replacement of a single word by several which together have the same meaning; a substitution of more words for less	While memory holds a seat/ In this distracted globe...---Hamlet, 1.4.96

Figures of Unusual Word Order	Definition	Example
anastrophe	arrangment by reversal of ordinary word order, usually confined to the transposition of two words only	Figures pedantical---Love's Labour's Lost, 5.2.407
hyperbaton	departure from ordinary word order	Yet I'll not shed her blood,/ Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow...---Othello, 5.2.3
hysteron proteron	reversal of temporal order	My dame that bred me up and bare me in her wombe.---The Arte of English Poesie, 142
hypallage	a reversal of words which seems to change the sense	Open the day, and see if it be the window.---The Garden of Eloquence
parenthesis	a word, phrase, or sentence inserted as an aside in a sentence complete by itself	But now my Deere (for so love makes me to call you still)/ That love I say, that lucklesse love, that works me all this ill.---The Arte of English Poesie, 141

Figures of Thought	Definition	Example
adynaton	the impossibility of expressing oneself adequately to the topic	Words cannot convey how much your letters have delighted me.---Elementorum rhetorices libri, 44f
aporia	true or feigned doubt or deliberation about an issue	Whether he took them from his fellows more impudently, gave them to an harlot more lasciviously, removed them from the Roman people more wickedly or altered them more presumptuously, I cannot well declare.---The Garden of Eloquence, 109
correctio	a correction or revision of previous words	Shameful it is--ay, if the fact be known...---The Rape of Lucrece, 239
prosopopoeia	representing an imaginary or absent person as speaking or acting; attributing life, speech or inanimate qualities to dumb or inanimate objects	With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the skies,/ How silently, and with how wan a face!---Astrophil and Stella, 31
apostrophe	a diversion of discourse from the topic at hand to addressing some person or thing, either present or absent	Within a month.../ She married--O most wicked speed: to post/ With such dexterity to incestuous sheets...---Hamlet, 1.2.153

PART OF SPEECH

In grammar, a lexical category (also word class, lexical class, or in traditional grammar part of speech) is a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question. Common linguistic categories include noun and verb, among others. There are open word classes, which constantly acquire new members, and closed word classes, which acquire new members infrequently if at all.

Different languages may have different lexical categories, or they might associate different properties to the same one. For example, Japanese has as many as three classes of adjectives where English has one; Chinese, Korean and Japanese have measure words while European languages do not grammaticalize these units of measurement (a pair of pants, a grain of rice); many languages don't have a distinction between adjectives and adverbs, adjectives and verbs (see stative verbs) or adjectives and nouns^{[citation needed]}, etc. Many linguists argue that the formal distinctions between parts of speech must be made within the framework of a specific language or language family, and should not be carried over to other languages or language families.

History

The classification of words into lexical categories is found from the earliest moments in the history of linguistics.^[1] In the Nirukta, written in the 5th or 6th century BCE, the Sanskrit grammarian Yāska defined four main categories of words:^[2]

1. nāma - nouns or substantives
2. ākhyāta - verbs
3. upasarga - pre-verbs or prefixes
4. nipāta - particles, invariant words (perhaps prepositions)

These four were grouped into two large classes: inflected (nouns and verbs) and uninflected (pre-verbs and particles).

A century or two later, the Greek scholar Plato wrote in the Cratylus dialog that "... sentences are, I conceive, a combination of verbs [rhēma] and nouns [ónoma]".^[3] Another class, "conjunctions" (covering conjunctions, pronouns, and the article), was later added by Aristotle.

By the end of the 2nd century BCE, the classification scheme had been expanded into eight categories, seen in the Tékhnē grammatiké:

1. Noun: a part of speech inflected for case, signifying a concrete or abstract entity
2. Verb: a part of speech without case inflection, but inflected for tense, person and number, signifying an activity or process performed or undergone
3. Participle: a part of speech sharing the features of the verb and the noun
4. Article: a part of speech inflected for case and preposed or postposed to nouns (the relative pronoun is meant by the postposed article)
5. Pronoun: a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for person
6. Preposition: a part of speech placed before other words in composition and in syntax
7. Adverb: a part of speech without inflection, in modification of or in addition to a verb
8. Conjunction: a part of speech binding together the discourse and filling gaps in its interpretation

The Latin grammarian Priscian (fl. 500 CE) modified the above eightfold system, substituting "interjection" for "article". It wasn't until 1767 that the adjective was taken as a separate class.^[4]

Traditional English grammar is patterned after the European tradition above, and is still taught in schools and used in dictionaries. It names eight parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection (sometimes called an exclamation).

NOUNS

n linguistics, a noun is a member of a large, open lexical category whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition.^[1]

Lexical categories are defined in terms of how their members combine with other kinds of expressions. The syntactic rules for nouns differ from language to language. In English, nouns may be defined as those words which can occur with articles and attributive adjectives and can function as the head of a noun phrase.

In traditional English grammar, the noun is one of the eight parts of speech.

Examples
The cat sat on the mat. Please hand in your assignments by the end of the week. Cleanliness is next to godliness. George Washington was the first president of the United States of America.

VERB
A verb is a doing word (helping, grabbing). In syntax, a verb is a word (part of speech) that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.).

The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its valency or valence. Verbs can be classified according to their valency:

• Intransitive (valency = 1): the verb only has a subject. For example: "he runs", "it falls".
• Transitive (valency = 2): the verb has a subject and a direct object. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt deer".

• Instrumental: That book will make us a million dollars.

• cf. We will make a million dollars with that book.

• Origin: The dam is leaking water.

• cf. Water is leaking from the dam.

• Location: The forest rustles with dead leaves.

• cf. Dead leaves rustle in the forest.

• Topical: This construction project cannot proceed.

• cf. We cannot proceed with this construction project.

PRONOUNS

In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (Lat: pronomen) is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun (or noun phrase) with or without a determiner, such as you and they in English. The replaced phrase is called the antecedent of the pronoun.

For example, consider the sentence "Lisa gave the coat to Phil." All three nouns in the sentence can be replaced by pronouns: "She gave it to him." If the coat, Lisa, and Phil have been previously mentioned, the listener can deduce what the pronouns she, it and him refer to and therefore understand the meaning of the sentence. However, if the sentence "She gave it to him" is the first presentation of the idea, none of the pronouns have antecedents and each pronoun is therefore ambiguous. Pronouns without antecedents are also called unprecursed pronouns.

Types of pronouns

Common types of pronouns found in the world's languages are as follows.

• Personal pronouns stand in place of the names of people or things:
  • Subjective pronouns are used when the person or thing is the subject of the sentence or clause. English example: I like to eat chips, but she does not.
    • Second person formal and informal pronouns (T-V distinction). For example, vous and tu in French. There is no distinction in modern English, though Elizabethan English marked the distinction with "thou" (singular informal) and "you" (plural or singular formal).
    • Inclusive and exclusive "we" pronouns indicate whether the audience is included. There is no distinction in English.
    • Intensive pronouns re-emphasize a noun or pronoun that has already been mentioned. English uses the same forms as for the reflexive pronouns; for example: I did it myself (contrast reflexive use I did it to myself).
  • Objective pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence or clause. English example: John likes me but not her.
    • Direct and indirect object pronouns. English uses the same forms for both; for example: Mary loves him (direct object); Mary sent him a letter (indirect object).
    • Reflexive pronouns are used when a person or thing acts on itself. English example: John cut himself.
    • Reciprocal pronouns refer to a reciprocal relationship. English example: They do not like each other.
  • Prepositional pronouns come after a preposition. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Mary looked at him.
  • Disjunctive pronouns are used in isolation, or in certain other special grammatical contexts. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Who does this belong to? Me.
  • Dummy pronouns are used when grammatical rules require a noun (or pronoun), but none is semantically required. English example: It is raining.
  • Weak pronouns.
• Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possession or ownership.
  • In strict sense, the possessive pronouns are only those that act syntactically as nouns. English example: Those clothes are mine.
  • Often, though, the term "possessive pronoun" is also applied to the so-called possessive adjectives (or possessive determiners). For example, in English: I lost my wallet. They are not strictly speaking pronouns because they do not substitute for a noun or noun phrase, and as such, some grammarians classify these terms in a separate lexical category called determiners (they have a syntactic role close to that of adjectives, always qualifying a noun).
• Demonstrative pronouns distinguish the particular objects or people that are referred to from other possible candidates. English example: I shall take these.
• Indefinite pronouns refer to general categories of people or things. English example: Anyone can do that.
  • Distributive pronouns are used to refer to members of a group separately, rather than collectively. English example: To each his own.
  • Negative pronouns indicate the non-existence of people or things. English example: Nobody thinks that.
• Relative pronouns refer back to people or things previously mentioned. English example: People who smoke should quit now.
  • Indefinite relative pronouns have some of the properties of both relative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. They have a sense of "referring back", but the person or thing to which they refer has not previously been explicitly named. English example: I know what I like.
• Interrogative pronouns ask which person or thing is meant. English example: Who did that?
  • In many languages (e.g., Czech, English, French, Interlingua, Russian) the sets of relative and interrogative pronouns are nearly identical. Compare English: Who is that? (interrogative) to I know who that is. (relative).

Examples

• Who says so?
• That reminds me of something.
• He looked at them.
• Take it or leave it (Impersonal pronoun).
• I love you.

In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun, giving more information about the noun or pronoun's referent. Some examples can be seen in the box to the right. Collectively, adjectives form one of the traditional English eight parts of speech, though linguists today distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that also used to be considered adjectives.

Not all languages have adjectives, but most, including English, do. (English adjectives include big, old, and tired, among many others.) Those that do not, typically use words of another part of speech, often verbs, to serve the same semantic function; for example, such a language might have a verb that means "to be big", and would use a construction analogous to "big-being house" to express what English expresses as "big house". Even in languages that do have adjectives, one language's adjective might not be another's; for example, while English uses "to be hungry" (hungry being an adjective), French uses "avoir faim" (literally "to have hunger"), and where Hebrew uses the adjective "זקוק" (zaqūq, roughly "in need of"), English uses the verb "to need".

In most languages with adjectives, they form an open class of words; that is, it is relatively common for new adjectives to be formed via such processes as derivation.

Examples

• That is a tall building.
• I met a very old man.
• The quick, brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
• Most monkeys are arboreal creatures that inhabit tropical or subtropical areas.
• That's a very nice dress you are wearing

ADVERB

An adverb is a part of speech. It is any word that modifies any other part of language: verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs, except for nouns; modifiers of nouns are primarily determiners and adjectives.

Adverbs typically answer questions such as how?" (or "in what way?), when?, where?, why? and to what extent?. In English, they often end in -ly.

When they answer 'how' it is usually in what way.
When they answer 'when' it is usually a date or a word such as yesterday or today.
When they answer 'why' it is usually an explanation of a problem, issue, or situatiuon usually ending after because.
When they answer 'where' it usually states a place.

This function is called the adverbial function, and is realized not just by single words (i.e., adverbs) but by adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses.

An adverb as an adverbial may be a sentence element in its own right.

They treated her well. (SUBJECT)

Alternatively, an adverb may be contained within a sentence element.

An extremely attractive man entered the room. (SUBJECT + ADVERBIAL + OBJECT)

Examples

• The waves came in quickly over the rocks.
• I found the film amazingly dull.
• The meeting went well, and the directors were extremely happy with the outcome.
• Crabs are known for walking sideways.
• I often have eggs for breakfast

INTERJECTION

An interjection is a part of speech that usually has no grammatical connection with the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion on the part of the speaker, although most interjections have clear definitions. Filled pauses such as uh, er, um, are also considered interjections. Interjections are generally uninflected function words and have sometimes been seen as sentence-words, because they can replace or be replaced by a whole sentence (they are holophrastic). Sometimes, however, interjections combine with other words to form sentences, but not with finite verbs. When an exclamation point is not needed, a comma can take the place.

Interjections are used when the speaker encounters events that cause these emotions — unexpectedly, painfully, surprisingly, or in many other sudden ways. However, several languages have interjections that cannot be related to emotions.

The word "interjection" literally means "thrown in between" from the Latin inter ("between") and iacere ("throw").

Interjections are words used to express strong feeling or sudden emotion. They are included in a sentence usually at the start to express a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, or enthusiasm.

Some examples of interjections are "Oh!" and "Wow!".

Examples in English

For a list of English interjections, see the list of English interjections at Wiktionary.

Conventions like Hello, Bye, and Goodbye are interjections, as are exclamations like Cheers! and Hurray!. In fact, very often they are characterized by exclamation marks depending on the stress of the attitude or the force of the emotion they are expressing. Well can also be used as an interjection, for example when put at the beginning of a sentence. Much profanity (see also expletive) takes the form of interjections. Some linguists consider the pro-sentences yes, no, amen and okay as interjections, since they have no syntactical connection with other words and rather work as sentences themselves. Expressions "Excuse me!", "Sorry!", and similar ones often serve as interjections. Interjections can be phrases or even sentences, as well as words:

As I entered the room — Oh, my gosh! What I saw! — he was still standing there.

Oh dude!

Group 4

LEADER:
Pinky N.Nacor

MEMBERS:
Aliza Mae B. Parada
Gelli R. Vargas
Darwin F. Dela Cruz
Ed Alvin O. Tenorio
Junel P. Antioquia
Ryan O. Marticio
Nickolo Augusto C. Saculo

Group 4

...we have our own blog!!!
...yes!!!...